Scientific Data Systems was another early adopter of high-speed silicon transistors for logic applications in the Sigma series computers. silicongermanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) and bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) technologies are reviewed in terms of their current status and. In 1964 the company placed "one of the largest single orders in the history of the semiconductor industry" with Fairchild for over 10 million devices. (1960 Milestone) The 2N709 (FT-1310) n-p-n device was introduced in July 1961 as the first silicon transistor to exceed germanium speed.Įach CDC 6600 used 600,000 transistors packaged in a unique cordwood-style module configuration to minimize connecting wire lengths. Silicon sits next to aluminum and below carbon in the periodic table. Jean Hoerni met the specification by combining "gold-doping" - the addition of gold impurities - together with the new epitaxial deposition process. Early silicon transistors offered superior operation to germanium at elevated temperature but were too slow for many computer designs.Ĭray awarded Fairchild Semiconductor a $500,000 development contract to build a new transistor for the CDC 6600. With the goal of building the world's fastest supercomputer, Cray required a transistor that switched in less than 3 nanoseconds while operating in a high temperature environment created by hundreds of thousands of devices operating in close proximity. But going on your base emitter voltages (agree about the silicon) then i reckon that you might be better off with a Germanium driver as the total voltage. For identical-area transistors, the Silicon Germanium device achieves a given fT with one-half to one-third the current required in a GST-2 device. If you want to swap, you need to look beyond the usual suspectsyou can’t swap a pnp ac128/nkt275 (pnp) with a bc108/bc109 (npn) etc. Most GE transistors in fuzz faces are PNP and most SI are NPN. On founding Control Data Corporation in 1957 with William Norris, Cray asked General Transistor to develop a fast switching germanium device for the CDC 1604 that in 1960 became the first commercially successful large-scale transistor machine for scientific computing. PNP and NPN are not interchangeable Silicon and Germanium are if you follow the rule above. Computer architect Seymour Cray had worked with General Transistor Corporation's germanium transistors at Univac.
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